Waste management deals with all types of waste, including industrial, biological and household. Methodology solid waste management for sustainable development. Methods of solid waste disposal and management the constructor. Lecture notes solid and hazardous waste management. A significant development in solid waste treatment and. Inefficient waste disposal systems lead to environmental pollution along with presenting severe health hazards. It is estimated that the amount of solid waste per capita is around 500 kilograms per year. Solid waste management is an integral part of the environmental domain of any region. Pdf disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in. Comparison of solid waste management practices by income level 5 2.
It is known that the waste which is thrown away can be used in many different ways. To support municipal solid waste \msw\ characterization efforts, epa conducted a scoping study on food waste and the methods by which they are managed. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. Solid waste disposal in developing countries is carried out by. A technological approach to solid waste management began to develop in the latter part of the 19th century. The most desirable is to reduce the quantity of waste at its source or to recycle the materials for some other productive use. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities. You produce plenty of waste each week, but have you thought about where it goes. Hazardouswaste management hazardouswaste management treatment, storage, and disposal. Waste generation projections for 2025 by region 10 5. Whichever the case, waste management is usually the responsibility of the local government. Solid waste is the useless, unwanted and discarded material resulting from day to day activities in the community. In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste management strategy that includes 1 reducing the amount of solid waste generated, 2 recycling as much refuse as.
Solidwaste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. A landfill is a conventional dumping method, which involves burying of. Here are the methods of solid waste disposal and management. The endoflife sustainable food management \sfm\ techniques presented in this scoping study includ\ e practices currently used as well as emerging technologies.
Ideally, because waste management is the thirdhighest cost to local governments, each. Solid waste disposal and management includes planning, administrative, financial, engineering and legal functions. Download as doc, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. It also differs from industrial and residential areas. Waste management term has been widely accepted as a sum of measures and solutions for waste. Waste treated in this manner may contam inate groundwater, rivers, and streams. Solid waste disposal must be managed systematically to ensure environmental best practices. A cornerstone of sustainable development is the establishment of affordable, effective and truly sustainable waste management practices in developing countries. Taking a look at the different options helps you find a solution thats not only good for. Solid waste management strategy of sri jayawardenapura kotte the purpose this strategy document is in three parts. The figure below shows the current waste generation and the present methods used for disposal of.
The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handeling solid wastes are common as mature technologies for waste disposal. Solid waste management types with methods and its effects. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vectorborne diseasethat is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. For the waste sector in south africa this means care must be given to raw material use, product design, resource efficiency, waste prevention, and minimization where avoidance is impossible. There are eight major groups of waste management methods, each of them divided into numerous categories. Open burning dumping into the sea sanitary landfills incineration composting ploughing in fields hog feeding grinding and discharging into sewers salvaging fermentation and biological digestion open burning of solid wastes not an ideal. Conducting of assessment of regional crossborder impacts of solid waste mis management in rural and coastal areas. Most studies focus on municipal solid waste and consider specific environmental loadings.
Hazardouswaste management treatment, storage, and disposal. This paper deals with the solid waste management methods and. Current waste generation per capita by income level 10 6. For sustainable management of solid waste, effective planning and development strategies about the quantity and categories of such wastes are of great importance. According to waste management companies, there are several waste management methods. Increasing of the amount of solid waste and the pressure what it has on the environment, impose the need to. This advanced approach includes technologies for solid waste treatment, that fall into the category of. One solutionto this problem could be the integration of the informal. Solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. Collection of solid waste university of asia pacific. Watertight garbage cans were first introduced in the united states, and sturdier vehicles were used to collect and transport wastes. General waste the transfer station method commonly adopted in japan is the compactor container transfer station shown below.
Dumping methods the most common waste dumping methods include landfill and incineration. In most cases no environmental impact assessment was done, and municipalities took advantage of borrow pits and were recovering these by filling them with waste. In residential areas, the most common collection methods are curb or alley, setoutsetback, and backyard carry. Avoidance methods include reusing second hand products, repairing broken items and using old items and putting them to different uses so that the buying and need for new products is minimised. If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb.
Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. Several options are available for hazardouswaste management. Solid waste management and recycling technology of japan. Methods of solid waste disposal and management methods of solid waste disposal and management are as below. Mixed method strategy integrates quantitative and qualitative research in a single project bryman, 2012, p. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal. As this study focus on how solid waste management swm practices impact on sound environmental development, the researcher decided to use a mixed method strategy. In support of rcra, epa developed test methods for the analysis of various environmental media.
This paper deals with the solid waste management methods and practices in. Pdf questionnaire for solid waste management survey mary. Introduction solid wastes include materials not economically useful, present in solid, liquid or gaseous form. Waste reduction is an important method of waste management which is the process of preventing waste materials from being created.
Hazardous waste management hazardous waste management treatment, storage, and disposal. Waste management the aim of sustainable waste management is to reduce waste formation and to use resources more efficiently and rationally, ensuring that the waste of one sector is used as a raw material in another sector. Current disposal methods threaten our health, safety, and environment, and pose additional indirect costs to society. Solid waste disposal and management is a critical aspect of environmental hygiene and it needs to be incorporated into environmental planning. Waste can be solid, liquid, or gas and each type has different methods of disposal and management.
Current disposal methods threaten our health, safety, and environment, and pose. Methods of waste disposal free download as word doc. The aim of sustainable waste management is to reduce waste formation and to use resources more efficiently and rationally, ensuring that the waste of one sector is used as a raw material in another sector. Those groups include source reduction and reuse, animal feeding, recycling, composting, fermentation, landfills, incineration and land application. Several options are available for hazardous waste management. Introduction it is a known fact that as urbanization continues to take place, the management of solid waste becomes a major. Solid waste management strategy guiding principles and. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or. Pdf lecture notes solid and hazardous waste management. Hazardous solid waste is industry generated which need special disposal techniques. Due to economic development, industrialization and increasing population, problems related to the expanded consumption and depletion.
Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. There are usually three main methods which are used for solid waste management accumulating them in landfills, use of incinerators and reuse and recycle. Lack of rules and regulations pertinent to solid waste tendency toward crisis management lack of training and methods to collect reliable data existing plans may be inappropriate. Developing integrated solid waste management plan, volume 1, waste.
Taking a look at the different options helps you find a solution thats not only good for you but also for the environment. Chapter 11 solid waste management waste categories waste by definition can be described as any matter whether gaseous, liquid or solid originating from any residential, commercial or industrial area, which is superfluous to requirements and has no further intrinsic or commercial value. Nevertheless, while reduction and recycling are desirable options, they are not regarded as the final remedy to the. Solid waste disposal is destined to be one of the critical issues in the twentyfirst century and will soon be on the forefront of our global agenda. An introduction to solid waste management the balance. Valorization of food organic waste is one of the important current research areas. As shown in the diagram above, solid waste management generally includes a collection of waste, transporting waste, processing and recycling it, and finally disposal of waste. Most industrial, commercial, and household waste is now being placed in landfills or surface im poundments. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. The resource conservation and recovery act rcra governs waste management and materials recovery and reuse, including the disposal of both hazardous and nonhazardous solid waste. In curb or alley service, the residents carry the singleuse plastic bags and containers to the curb or collection point, and then return the empty container after pickup. Littering spoils the scenic beauty of the environment. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw.
To support municipal solid waste msw characterization efforts, epa conducted a scoping study on food waste and the methods by which they are managed. Data collection methods solid waste management for. Today, most communities use integrated waste management to deal with their solid waste. Best management practices manual wm11 liquid waste management 0114 chapter 4 temporary waste management and materials storage if the liquid is sedimentladen, use a sediment trap see sc10 sediment trap for capturing and treating the liquid stream, or capture in. Solid waste management government medical college and. An approximation is that about 70 per cent of solid waste expenditure is through the public sector, largely local government, while 30 per cent is private sector expenditure statssa 2007. To handle such volumes of solid wastes, there are various methods which are employed by the different governments across the world.
American society for testing and materials standard test method for determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste d5231 92. In order to establish effective solid waste management in the affected area the following process should be used. This is the most common collection method in industrialised countries and in the wealthier. Oct 11, 2019 solid waste management is defined as the discipline associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses the range of public health, conservation, economic, aesthetic, engineering, and other environmental considerations. Methods of waste disposal waste management incineration. Part i provides gainful insights into the issues related to solid waste management in sri jayawardenapurakotte municipal area and part ii offers the guiding principles and technical.
The methods of waste management involve proper dumping, recycling, transportation and collection, and the creation of awareness. Thus the most important processes are quantification and characterization of all the sustainable solid waste management systems according to senzige, et al. An introduction to environmental waste management concerns in hospitals a hospital selfaudit form to copy and use in each department a page of best management practices and information about toxic substance substitution. Waste minimisation and recyclingreuse policies have been introduced to reduce the amount of waste generated, and increasingly, alternative waste management practices to solid waste disposal on land have been implemented to reduce the environmental impacts of waste management. An integrated waste management system tries to accommodate the waste management needs of a city or region through a specific mix of available waste management options. Municipal solid waste is collected in several ways.
Environmental pollution is the major problem associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization and rise in living standards of people. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. Improper solid waste management, not only threatens the natural beauty of water bodies, forest reserves, diversityrich mountains and beaches but also cities and villages. A study of solid waste management for sound environmental development in hambantota municipal council hmc in sri lanka. Industries can also manage their wastes, in case they are non. As shown in the diagram above, solid waste management generally. Development of a method for assessment of crossborder adverse environmental and economic impacts of solid waste mis management. Methods of solid waste disposal in an urban slum methods of solid waste disposal in an rural area. In some cases, part of the work is contracted to private sector. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and appropriately. A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to. It must be further emphasized that multiple public health, safety and environmental co. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did.